Solar panel | Solar array serve as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that captures sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed scenery of gentle slopes, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that combine tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable devices and infrastructures, supporting modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that holds chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic devices. It includes one or more electrochemical cells, each containing electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that converts DC produced by solar panels into AC appropriate for home use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and guaranteeing reliable, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity regularly, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to measure the dimension, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge installations that harness sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess energy generated from renewable sources or the grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to offer backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the development and advancements in solar energy technology from the early finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It showcases key milestones, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have substantially boosted energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His research laid the basis for grasping how illumination interacts with particular media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar modules. It is a tough, breakable crystal material with a blue-grey shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system effectiveness, allows for better performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar panels to provide a green and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This effect is the fundamental concept behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the harnessing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy represents the rate at which electrical energy flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a unit of energy conversion in the metric system, indicating the speed of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the work per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electricity through a conductor, commonly measured in A. It is essential for powering electronic devices and enabling the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electric flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and power of power systems to ensure reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from sources like accumulators or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of common electrical appliances in settings where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun movement throughout the daytime, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the effectiveness of solar power gathering by ensuring optimal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the energy production of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of solar panel systems in live, offering valuable data on energy production and system health. It aids maximize solar power generation by spotting problems promptly and ensuring highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many small silicon crystal structures, typically used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent structure allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in better efficiency compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a category of film solar system that presents a economical and effective option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency and moderately reduced manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices that use a composite material of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their great light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and capability for compact, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its affordability and flexible characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are innovative photovoltaic devices that utilize multiple p-n junctions arranged together to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are mostly applied in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that transform solar radiation into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These layers are crucial in electronic devices, optical systems, and films for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of material ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns in thickness, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure small distances or depths, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, disk-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible solar units recognized for their superior output and bendability, making them suitable for various uses. They employ a layered semiconductor structure that turns sunlight directly into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into power using PV cells, offering a sustainable energy source for residential, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to transform sun's energy into electric power. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic substance used in thin-film solar cells due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations information various large-scale solar energy plants around the globe, highlighting their capacities and sites. These facilities function a important role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive installations that transform sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable option to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental harm and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as lead, mercury, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how effectively a solar panel generates sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This growth is changing the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of clean solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear device that refracts light to bring together or diverge rays, producing images. It is often used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the sharpness and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their wave heights cancel each other out, causing a reduction or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event typically happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally as time progresses, enabling efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a compact device used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power supply to an electronic device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that guarantee a secure and trustworthy connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international security approval agency that tests and endorses products to confirm they adhere to particular security norms. It assists consumers and companies find trustworthy and protected products through thorough review and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in one way only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, designed to deliver electrical energy for multiple devices and accessories inside a automobile. It allows users to power electronic electronics or use small devices during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral devices to computers, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a variety of hardware such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and smartphones, with various versions providing higher speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from radio signals to gamma rays, each with varied wavelengths and power. This range is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, healthcare imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a important role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a specific surface, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big body of air with relatively consistent temp and humidity features, coming from from specific origin zones. These air masses impact weather patterns and atmospheric states as they move across diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, impacting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and impurities on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and servicing are important to limit energy loss and ensure maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power capacity of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to create electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to check the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a metalloid chemical element essential for plant growth and used in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that cause it beneficial in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of employing land for both solar power production and farming, maximizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shade while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of multiple solar modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that offers shade and cover from the weather for exterior areas. It boosts the practicality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a comfortable space for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an observer to a target object. It is often used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to define the direction of an object with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to a billion watts, used to assess massive energy production and usage. It is generally associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in producing thin film-based solar cells that provide high efficiency and economical power generation. The firm is dedicated to eco-friendly energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly connecting various components of factory and automated systems to boost efficiency and reliability. It focuses on building advanced solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic items and systems. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the ability of massive electricity generation or usage. It emphasizes the immense energy magnitude involved in current energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost drops as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the importance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, renewable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy sources are financially viable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, corporate, and manufacturing sites to generate green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered items features a range of tools that harness sunlight to convert energy, supporting green and sustainable living. These solutions include everything from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, providing versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation onto advanced photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture from less space. This approach works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |