Solar panel | Solar panel act as devices that transform sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural traditions, famous sights, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed landscape of gentle slopes, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural light emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous systems and infrastructures, facilitating contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into current to operate various electronic devices. It comprises several electrochemical units, each housing anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring secure, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, typically used in home and business power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to measure the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup power, cut down energy expenses, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the progress and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the initial discovery of the solar effect to modern high-performance solar arrays. It highlights major breakthroughs, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have substantially improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how radiation interacts with certain materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its key role in the production of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a hard, breakable crystalline material with a blue-grey sheen, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system efficiency, allows for improved performance oversight, and improves power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of power in the SI system, indicating the rate of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the power per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in A. It is necessary for powering electronic devices and allowing the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to guarantee safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for charging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that changes DC from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the application of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the orientation of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, optimizing power intake. This innovation improves the performance of solar power gathering by maintaining ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the operating point to match the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that monitors and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, offering useful data on power output and system condition. It helps maximize solar energy generation by detecting issues early and guaranteeing maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many tiny silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and microchip production. Its creation involves fusing and reforming silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its consistent structure allows for better electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a category of film solar technology that provides a economical and efficient solution for massive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and relatively reduced manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that use a layered compound of copper, In, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into energy effectively. They are noted for their great absorption effectiveness, bendability, and potential for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections arranged in tandem to collect a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. These are mostly applied in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that convert sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, offering a economical approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These layers are vital in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of substance covering tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in thickness, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics, light manipulation, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate gauges used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, ring-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, making them suitable for diverse applications. They employ a layered layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight straight into electricity with excellent effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, commercial, and grid applications. They offer a eco-friendly, renewable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize carbon-based compounds, to turn sun's energy into electricity. They are compact, flexible, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous semiconductor compound used in thin-film solar cells due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, outer walls, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations details various large-scale solar energy facilities around the globe, highlighting their capacities and positions. These facilities serve a important role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how well a solar panel transforms sunlight into convertible electricity. Improving this efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This growth is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bending light to converge or separate rays, forming images. It is often used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It improves the clarity and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes cancel each other out, causing a reduction or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This occurrence usually happens when these waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally as time progresses, permitting cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a compact entity used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system performance by optimizing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver DC power from a energy source to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that ensure a firm and dependable link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global security certification agency that assesses and certifies products to ensure they adhere to specific safety requirements. It supports consumers and companies recognize dependable and secure products through thorough evaluation and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the same current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that allows current to move in one sense exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, created to supply electrical energy for various devices and attachments inside of a vehicle. It enables users to charge electronic gadgets or run small appliances while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to PCs, facilitating data transmission and power supply. It supports a variety of hardware such as keyboards, mouses, external storage, and smartphones, with different revisions providing faster speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to increasing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, spanning from radio signals to gamma rays, all possessing varied lengths and power. This band is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also cause skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the strength of radiation or power received or emitted over a defined surface, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the distribution and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air with comparatively even temperature and dampness characteristics, deriving from from certain starting areas. These air masses influence weather systems and sky states as they travel over different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the energy per square meter received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, influencing global climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the accumulation of dirt, and foreign matter on the surface of solar panels, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and care are important to limit energy waste and maintain optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power capacity of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal element essential for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that cause it useful in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method improves crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of several solar panels configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and protection from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the usability and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a comfortable space for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical characteristics, making it a popular choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in promoting solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion watts, used to assess large-scale electricity production and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, power grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar energy solutions, focused on manufacturing thin film solar cells that deliver high-performance and economical power generation. The firm is focused on green renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various components of manufacturing and automated systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate efficient communication and compatibility among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese firm focused on the manufacturing and development of solar solar products and solutions. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often employed to describe the capacity of massive power production or usage. It underscores the huge energy scale involved in current power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production reduces as overall production grows, due to learning and efficiencies obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of learned skills in reducing costs and improving productivity in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, green energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the expense of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that green energy sources are economically competitive with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the sun's rays using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, business, and factory settings to produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These products include everything from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, offering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing power output from a compact footprint. This technology is particularly effective in areas with bright, direct sunlight and provides a viable solution to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |