| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are devices that change sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a system that captures sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of rolling hills, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of power generated by the movement of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels innumerable systems and networks, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction flow of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric power to operate various electronic devices. It comprises multiple galvanic units, each housing electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and providing reliable, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, generally used in home and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are huge installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a green and eco-friendly energy power, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These systems typically utilize batteries to offer backup power, reduce energy costs, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels chronicles the progress and innovations in solar power technology from the beginning finding of the solar effect to current high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It highlights significant innovations, including the creation of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have significantly enhanced power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the groundwork for comprehending how light interacts with certain materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a steel-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system efficiency, facilitates better performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a renewable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This event is the core foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a unit of power in the metric system, showing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the work per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electrical charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic devices and enabling the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to maintain reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for recharging and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) from inputs like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It permits the use of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation increases the performance of solar power gathering by maintaining best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the energy production of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure provides the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, offering valuable data on energy generation and system condition. It helps maximize solar power output by identifying problems promptly and guaranteeing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many tiny silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium form of silicon with a single lattice structure, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its uniform framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin film solar method that provides a affordable and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy generation. They are their high absorption performance and relatively reduced manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar cells that utilize a layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and selenium to convert sunlight into energy efficiently. They are recognized for their high light capturing performance, bendability, and potential for lightweight, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its affordability and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that employ various p-n connections arranged in unison to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electricity to power onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, delivering a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These layers are vital in electronics, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of substance spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optics, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are accurate devices used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, commonly in machining and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the base for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the creation of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact photovoltaic devices recognized for their excellent performance and bendability, ideal for diverse applications. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into power with outstanding efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into power using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for household, business, and large-scale applications. They provide a eco-friendly, sustainable, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based molecules, to convert sun's energy into electrical power. They are lightweight, bendable, and provide cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor compound used in layer solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an attractive alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, building exteriors, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations overview various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, showcasing their output and locations. These plants play a vital role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive systems that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a renewable alternative to traditional fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the chief energy sources for electricity generation and transportation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process generally happens in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as plumbum, Hg, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how well a solar cell converts sunlight into convertible energy. Improving this efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This growth is transforming the world energy sector by increasing the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear instrument that bending light to bring together or spread out rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It enhances the crispness and brightness of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes cancel each other out, causing a reduction or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies following a sine wave throughout its cycle, allowing cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact entity used to change DC from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system performance by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow regularly reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that ensure a reliable and trustworthy link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international security validation agency that tests and certifies products to confirm they meet particular safety standards. It supports consumers and firms identify reliable and protected products through rigorous review and examination methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the constant current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode is a solid-state device that allows current to flow in one way exclusively, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, created to provide electrical power for multiple devices and attachments inside a car. It enables users to power electronic gadgets or use small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, enabling data transmission and electric power. It supports a wide range of peripherals such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with various generations delivering higher speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring different wavelengths and power. This range is crucial to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling communication, healthcare imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on shades of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to calculate the intensity of radiation or power received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial mass of atmosphere with fairly even temperature and humidity features, deriving from from certain origin zones. These airmass affect weather systems and sky situations as they move across different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which decreases their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are important to reduce energy waste and ensure maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power generation of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to measure the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid chemical element crucial for plant growth and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that cause it valuable in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple solar panels arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to deliver renewable, renewable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a cozy area for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy integration and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to quantify massive power generation output and usage. It is generally associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in producing thin film-based solar panels that provide high efficiency and affordable power generation. The organization is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various components of factory and automation systems to boost performance and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building cutting-edge solutions that enable efficient communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese company specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often employed to describe the potential of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It emphasizes the vast power scale involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost drops as overall production rises, due to learning and improvements gained over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that renewable energy technologies are financially competitive with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the solar radiation using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a sustainable, sustainable, and planet-friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, commercial, and factory sites to generate green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a selection of tools that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These products include ranging from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, delivering flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a installation that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses and mirrors to focus solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, considerably boosting power output using a smaller area. This method is particularly effective where intense, direct sunlight and provides a viable solution to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
